A forklift is indispensable for all warehouses and facilities where heavy loads must be transported between locations. Their efficiency is impressive; however, understanding their lift capacity is critical to ensure the operator’s and their surroundings’ safety. Whether you are a seasoned forklift operator or a complete novice, our comprehensive blog will detail the capabilities of your forklift and the safety aspects associated with your lift capacity.

• How Does a Forklift Work?
• How Much Can a Forklift Lift?
• Managing Stability
• 5 Factors Influencing Forklift Lift Capacity
• Forklift Load FAQs

How Does a Forklift Work?

Before determining your forklift’s capabilities, it is vital to understand how a forklift works. Essentially, the composition of a forklift means it acts similarly to a seesaw. If one side has more weight than the other, it can lead to tipping. These 3 main concepts define how forklifts are designed to prevent tip-overs:

1. Centre of Gravity 

• The centre of gravity is the imaginary point where an item’s weight is concentrated. The centre of gravity exists individually in the forklift and its load. In an unloaded forklift, the centre of gravity falls below the operator’s seat, whereas in the load, the centre of gravity is determined by the arrangement of items. When you place the load onto the forklift, the centre of gravity combines and shifts towards the front axle, aiming to prevent a tip-over.

2. Load Centre

• Unlike the centre of gravity, the load centre is a precise measurement. The load centre is the distance from the horizontal and vertical parts of the forks to the load’s centre of gravity. Most forklifts handle 48-inch long pallets; assuming the load is evenly distributed on a pallet, it will have a 24-inch load centre. The load centre will increase for forklifts that handle longer pallets, but it is crucial to remember that the lifting capacity decreases as the load centre increases.

3. Load Moment 

• Load moment is the amount of overturning force applied to a loaded forklift. The lifting capacity of a forklift decreases as the load centre increases because of an increase in load moment. Load moment can be calculated by multiplying the weight of the load by the load distance from the front axle. This calculation will inform an operator how much weight can be carried and at what distance from the centre of gravity to avoid a tip-over.

Maintaining Stability 

The most important part of the concept is that the centre of gravity must fall in the stability triangle. This imaginary triangle exists between the centre of the rear axle and both front axle wheels. Once the centre of gravity lines up with the front axle after the load is applied, the forklift has reached its stability limit; beyond this limit, the forklift is at risk of tipping over.

The stability triangle is not only a triangle but a pyramid that incorporates the points between the axles horizontally but also vertically towards the top of the forklift. This stability pyramid concept is relevant to when a load is being lifted. 

As a load is lifted, the combined centre of gravity moves towards the front axle and upwards. The centre of gravity cannot escape the confines of the pyramid, and therefore, operators will struggle to lift a heavy load at height compared to when the weight is closer to the ground. This emphasises the importance of carrying a load close to the ground to maintain the centre of gravity and ultimately reduce the danger of the forklift tipping over.

How Much Can a Forklift Lift?

Forklift lift capacity is determined by the type of forklift that you operate. Lift capacity is the measurement of how much weight a forklift can carry, ranging from 3000lb to 50000lb. A safe load capacity should be calculated to ensure a safe operation during a forklift lift, especially when you have an oversized load.

Calculating a Safe Load Capacity

Firstly, you should learn the standard load centre of your forklift. For example, if we assume that a forklift has a 24-inch load centre and a 3000lb capacity, but we need to handle a load with a load centre of 30 inches, a safe load capacity for this forklift would be less than 3000lb. OSHA states that “only loads within the rated capacity of a truck shall be handled”; it is therefore essential to never exceed the lifting capacity of your forklift.

To calculate the safe load capacity, take the standard load centre and divide it by the actual load centre, then multiply the figure by the rated capacity to retrieve the answer:

24 inches / 30 inches X 3000lb = 2400lb

The figure 2400lb is the approximate safe load capacity for a load centre of 30 inches.

5 Factors Influencing Forklift Lift Capacity

Several factors can affect how much a forklift can carry. An operator should familiarise themselves with everything that can influence the lift capacity of their forklift to prevent any accidents from occurring. 

Lifting Height

The height at which a forklift will carry its load affects its maximum lift capacity. Lift height decreases as load capacity and load centre increase. Higher loads tend to be less stable, so it is recommended that operators drive their forklifts with the load as close to the ground as possible.

Forklift Condition

A newer, regularly serviced, and maintained forklift will have an increased lift capacity compared to an older fork with worn tyres and forks. The amount of wear and tear depends on the weight of the loads handled. A forklift loses 20% of its lifting capacity with every 10% of erosion of the fork’s surface. Forks should be replaced when necessary to maintain the maximum load capacity level.

Attachments

Adding any attachment to a forklift will reduce the lifting capacity as it adds weight, extending the load centre. The distance in which the attachment extends the load centre forward is called the effective thickness; in turn, this causes the load moment to increase, subsequently decreasing the lifting capacity.

Load Distribution

When considering a load with a 24-inch load centre, this is only applicable when a load is evenly distributed. The centre of gravity for an unevenly distributed load will either move forward or side-to-side. Due to this, the lifting capacity and stability of the load on the forklift decrease. In this case, operators should keep the load close to the ground during transportation.

Tyre Types

Tyre types, widths, and sizes can influence the lifting capacity of a forklift. Cushion tyres can sustain a higher lifting capacity longer than pneumatic tyres. Dual tyre configurations and tyres with wider treads will increase a forklift’s overall lifting capacity by boosting stability. Tyres should be changed once worn to reduce any lifting faults. 

Forklift Load FAQs

What would happen if you exceeded your forklift load capacity?

By overloading your forklift, you increase the risk of accidents and injuries. A forklift with an overly heavy load will likely tip over if the centre of gravity is off. Tip-overs are the leading cause of forklift casualties each year.

Do I need a licence to operate a forklift?

A forklift licence does not exist. However, operators must have a UK driving licence and a certificate showcasing they have received appropriate training to operate a forklift safely and effectively.

How do I find the standard lifting capacity of my forklift?

To calculate the lifting capacity if you have a higher load centre than standard, you can find the rated lifting capacity of your forklift on its data plate.

Expand Your Forklift Knowledge with HL Training

Learn the ins and outs of operating a forklift with our wide range of training courses. HL Training Services delivers accredited in-centre and onsite training nationwide for forklift operators and instructors. Our training courses equip you with the expertise to operate a forklift safely and effectively. We have extensive experience in providing forklift training. Whether you are a novice or an experienced forklift operator, our team can offer training to suit your needs. Contact our knowledgeable team to learn more about our services; we will gladly assist.

Related Articles

• The Ultimate Guide to Forklift Safety
• Are Forklifts Dangerous? Most Common Accidents Explained
• The Biggest Do’s and Don’ts of Forklift Safety

Forklifts are an instrumental piece of machinery for your site. Operating a forklift demands precision and caution; safety protocols are, therefore, a top priority. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore essential safety measures and expert tips to equip novice and experienced forklift operators with the knowledge and skills they need to use a forklift safely. Whether you want to enhance your proficiency or establish a safer workplace, join us on this journey to prioritise forklift safety.

14-Step Guide to Forklift Safety

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) declares that, on average, forklift trucks are involved in a quarter of all UK workplace vehicle accidents. A lot of these accidents are avoidable, so minimise forklift accidents by following our ultimate guide to forklift safety:

1. Forklift Training

• First and foremost, forklift operators should be fully trained and qualified before driving a forklift. Although there is no such thing as a forklift license, operators must have been awarded a certificate for completing a forklift training course to be allowed by most employers to use a forklift. Forklift training is essential to ensure a forklift’s safe but effective use in the workplace.

2. Pre-Operational Examination

• At the start of your working day, you should take some time to carry out pre-operational safety checks on your forklift. If you discover any faults or maintenance issues with your forklift during the examination, you should cease using it and inform your supervisor as soon as possible.

3. Weather Precautions

• Understanding how to use a forklift in unfavourable weather conditions is critical. Forklifts can be used in the rain; however, the operator must take extra care to keep themselves and others safe. When driving a forklift in the rain, operators should wear appropriate waterproof clothing to help prevent slips, limit distractions, and ensure enough visibility before operating the forklift. 

4. Load Capacity Considerations

• Ensure that you are aware of the loading capacity of your forklift. Taking shortcuts by overloading your forklift to make fewer trips is a significant safety hazard. When loading your forklift, load it carefully and evenly so that your view is not obstructed while driving and the weight is within its approved capacity to prevent tipping. 

5. Sensible Fork Height 

• The general rule that forklift operators should follow is to always drive with their forks around 6 inches from the ground when travelling, specifically when carrying a load. This is to ensure that potential hazards on the ground are avoided and to provide stability whether or not there is a load on the forklift. Never raise or lower your forks while you are in motion.

6. Drive at a Safe Speed

• When driving a forklift, always ensure you are driving slowly and steadily, especially when carrying heavy loads. It is not wise to drive a forklift over its speed limit; the general rule is that it should not be operated indoors at more than 10 kph. Drive at a speed that gives you complete control over the vehicle to keep yourself and others around you safe. 

7. Eliminate Fast Movements

• Avoid turning sharp corners or moving at speed; sudden movements can throw the forklift off balance. When you combine a sharp turn with an inappropriately loaded forklift, you are more likely to cause the forklift to tip over. Driving carefully is very important to ensure your safety.

8. Never Leave an Operating Forklift Unattended

• Not only is it illegal in the UK to leave the keys in an unattended forklift, but it is a significant safety hazard as it risks the possibility of an unauthorised person operating the forklift and causing potential accidents or injuries.

9. Wear your Seatbelt

• If your forklift is equipped with a seatbelt, then as HSE rules, “Where restraining systems are fitted, they should be used.” Wearing your seatbelt is a responsibility you should take seriously. Although not wearing one will not cause an accident, it can significantly minimise the consequences if an accident does occur.

10. Check your Surroundings

• Keep in mind that there will be others on site or in the warehouse where you are operating a forklift. Always check your surroundings before you start operating the forklift. Don’t solely rely on your mirrors; look around and check your blind spot, especially before reversing.

11. Ramp Safety

• Be cautious when you are operating a forklift on a ramp. Always drive in a forward direction up a ramp and down a ramp in reverse. This ensures that your load will not tip off the forklift as it tends to be top-heavy. Before you reverse down, ensure that your surroundings are clear and you have complete visibility to prevent accidents from occurring.

12. Pallet Quality

• When loading your forklift, ensure you use high-quality pallets in good condition. Pallets should be evenly balanced; avoid using old or broken pallets, as this reduces the safety of the load. Use binding or rope to secure the pallets to the forklift for added security.

13. Repairs and Maintenance

• Operators should carry out regular maintenance checks on a forklift. These checks will ensure that the forklift is in good working order and can be used safely by operators. Failure to do so can result in sudden breakdowns of the forklift, which can lead to injury of the operator and pedestrians and damage to both the forklift and its load.

14. Refuel and Park

• When it is time to refuel, your forklift should only be refuelled at designated locations specifically for forklift refuelling. At the end of your shift, you should park the forklift in a safe and authorised space. Ensure the forks are fully lowered to the floor and the parking brake is on before removing the keys. Store the keys safely to prevent unauthorised personnel from retrieving them.

Forklift Operator FAQs

How often should forklift operators receive training?

Although there is no legal requirement, refresher training is recommended every 3-5 years to update your knowledge and refresh your forklift operating skills.

How many truck lengths should be kept between forklifts?

The ideal travelling distance between forklifts is approximately 3 truck lengths. If another vehicle or a pedestrian is within 3 truck lengths from the forklift, the operator must stop and wait for a safe distance before resuming operation.

What checks should I carry out on my forklift daily?

Firstly, operators should check fluid levels, such as oil and coolant. They should also ensure that their lights are working correctly and inspect whether their forks don’t have any cracks or bends in them. Carrying out these checks will maximise safety levels when operating a forklift.

Forklift Safety with HL Training

As a forklift operator, use our ultimate guide as your pocket handbook to ensure forklift safety. However, the above information only matters if you have received accredited forklift training. At HL Training, we can provide you and your team with the training courses necessary to operate a forklift safely and efficiently. Whether you are a novice or an experienced operator, our team can provide you with trusted training to boost your knowledge and skills when operating a forklift. We offer a range of training courses both in-centre and onsite across the UK. Contact our team; we are happy to help you find the right course.

Related Articles

• The Biggest Do’s and Dont’s of Forklift Safety 
• Do You Need a Forklift License? Spoiler: It Doesn’t Exist!

Primarily, forklifts operate within closed areas such as warehouses and factories. However, sometimes, a forklift may need to travel on a public road to transport goods to another site or to unload at a loading dock. It is legal for forklifts to operate on a public road, provided they adhere to legislative guidelines. Our comprehensive blog will guide you through the rules and regulations when driving your forklift on a public highway.

• Legal Requirements to Drive Your Forklift on a Public Road
• Distance Regulations
• How Do I Register My Forklift for Road Use?
• Forklift Training for Public Roads

Legal Requirements to Drive Your Forklift on a Public Road

Forklifts are road legal, granted specific requirements are followed:

1. If you plan to operate your forklift on a public road, you must register the vehicle with the DVLA, ensuring it is taxed and insured. The Vehicle Excise and Registration Act (1994) declares that all motorised vehicles must be registered, taxed, insured, and have a valid licence plate to operate on public roads. If you are driving an electric-powered forklift, you must tax it under the electric vehicle tax.
2. Drivers must be fully qualified to drive a forklift by completing a forklift operator training course and should possess a full UK driving licence. The minimum age to drive a forklift is 16, but there may be age restrictions depending on the weight of a forklift when fully loaded; a supervisor should check these regulations before assigning a driver to a forklift.
3. To drive on a public road, operators must be sure that the road is fully lit and that the forklift has an amber beacon of light that flashes overhead when the vehicle’s speed does not exceed 25mph.
4. For your forklift to conform to government legislation for public road use, you must have evidence of the age of the vehicle, vehicle type approval, and a valid test certificate. Failure to comply with government regulations will result in a fine.

Distance Regulations

Travelling Short Distances (Less than 1000 yards)

If you are travelling less than 1000 yards in your forklift in one go, your vehicle will be classed as a ‘work truck’; in this case, it is exempt from the Road Vehicles Regulations. However, your vehicle must still be insured and registered. For example, if you are using public roads to transport goods to another facility less than 1000 yards away, your vehicle will be classed as a ‘work truck.’ Even if your forklift travels less than 1000 yards, you must still have a full UK licence and accredited training.

Travelling Longer Distances (Over 1000 yards)

Forklifts that travel further than 1000 yards in one go will not be classed as a ‘work truck’ and will be required to comply with the Road Vehicle Regulations. The forklift will be taxed and licenced based on its weight. If the total weight of the vehicle exceeds 3500kg, then it will be classed as a HGV, anything less, and it will be classed as a light goods vehicle. 

How Do I Register My Forklift for Road Use?

Your forklift needs to be registered with the DVLA. Request a V55/5 form online, fill it out and post it back along with your vehicle documentation. Depending on the type of forklift you have will determine what documentation you are required to submit. In this case, it may be beneficial to contact the DVLA and find out exactly what documentation you need so that the process is not held up. The standard information you need to provide includes:

• A copy of your driving licence
• A certificate of insurance
• A valid test certificate
• A NOVA Form

Forklifts on Public Roads FAQs

Can I drive a forklift without training?

Most employers will require forklift operators to hold a qualification for forklift training. This certification is required to ensure that operators know how to operate a forklift safely and effectively. There are many courses available that only take a few days to complete depending on the level of training you require.

Does a forklift need to be insured?

A forklift must be insured if it is being operated on public roads and in public spaces. Even when operating a forklift on private property, you should consider taking out some form of insurance due to the possibility of an accident.

Can a banned driver drive a forklift?

If you are banned from driving, you will not be able to drive a forklift on public roads. In order to register your forklift for road use, you need to provide a copy of your UK driving licence.

Forklift Training for Public Roads

HL Training can provide operators with a range of training courses that will allow them to drive a forklift not only on their business premises but also on public roads. Forklift training is essential for anyone operating a forklift. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced operator, our courses can provide you with the skills and knowledge you need to safely and efficiently drive a forklift on a public road. We are a trusted provider of forklift training. Our team will gladly help with any enquiries you may have about the level of training you will need, so do not hesitate to contact us today.

Related Articles

• How Heavy Are Forklifts?
• A Guide To Forklift Types
• Do you Need a Forklift Licence? Spoiler: It Doesn’t Exist!

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