Forklifts are indispensable equipment in working environments, revolutionising how heavy goods are lifted, transported, and organised. Once you investigate forklift types, you will come across various power options. Forklifts can be powered in several ways, notably diesel, gas, or electric.

Choosing the right forklift depends on its tasks, frequency of performance, working conditions, and efficiency requirements. Our comprehensive guide will walk you through the types of forklifts and weigh the pros and cons of each fuel type, enabling you to make an informed decision about your investment.

• Types of Forklifts
• Diesel Forklifts
• Gas Forklifts
• Electric Forklifts
• How to Choose the Right Forklift
• Forklift Types FAQs

Types of Forklifts

Aside from the different types of forklift truck specifications, lifting capacities, and applications, another factor to consider is the fuel type. The three most commonly used forklifts are diesel, gas, or electric. 

Due to their mechanical makeup, each forklift type is suited to different environmental conditions. Although they perform similar roles and can be very useful in their intended environments, understanding the differences between the three types can help businesses choose the most suitable option for their material handling needs.

Diesel Forklifts

Diesel forklifts are robust and powerful material-handling machines designed for heavy-duty applications. They run on diesel fuel and provide unrivalled lifting capacities, making them suitable for handling large loads in outdoor environments such as construction sites or shipping ports. Diesel forklifts offer reliable performance and durability, making them popular for industries with frequent and demanding tasks. 

Pros

• Diesel forklifts are sturdily built, meaning the maintenance and repair costs will be reduced.
• They are ideal for outdoor use, where their fumes can easily escape without concentrating in an enclosed space, causing environmental or safety issues.
• Diesel forklifts have a higher torque than other forklifts, improving their performance on gradient surfaces and making them more powerful for towing duties.
• They are more fuel-efficient and do not require charging.

Cons

• Diesel-powered forklifts are not suitable for indoor use. It has been illegal to use a diesel forklift indoors since 2003.
• They release emissions that can be harmful to the environment. They can occasionally be used indoors with the addition of exhaust catalytic converters and purifiers, but these come with an added expense.
• Diesel engines are louder than other forklift fuel engines
• Due to their size, diesel forklifts may be inconvenient for some companies as they are bulkier and require more space for movement and storage.

Gas Forklifts

Gas forklifts, or LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) forklift trucks, are versatile material handling machines powered by propane or natural gas. They are popular in warehouses, distribution centres, manufacturing plants, and outdoor construction sites. They offer high performance and efficiency, making them suitable for indoor and outdoor applications. Gas forklifts are convenient for businesses requiring flexible and cost-effective material handling solutions.

Pros

• Gas-powered forklifts are widely available for purchase and hire, and they are initially cheaper than electric and diesel forklifts.
• These forklifts are built to be more compact than diesel forklifts, meaning they tend to be easier to manoeuvre, making them more versatile for indoor and outdoor use.
• Refuelling gas forklifts is quick and efficient. Propane tanks are easily replaceable, minimising downtime, unlike electric forklifts, which must be charged frequently.
• Gas forklifts emit lower emissions than diesel forklifts, making them more environmentally friendly.

Cons

• Gas forklifts require a steady supply of propane or natural gas, which is only readily available from companies in specific areas.
• Although gas forklifts are quieter than diesel forklifts, they are noisier than electric forklifts, which may be a consideration for indoor applications where quiet operation is required.
• They require regular maintenance to ensure that they are performing optimally and complying with safety regulations
• Although gas forklifts emit fewer emissions, they still produce carbon monoxide fumes, posing health and safety risks to workers in poorly ventilated indoor spaces.

Electric Forklifts

Electric forklift trucks are the most energy-efficient option for forklift operators. Unlike gas or diesel trucks, electric forklifts produce zero emissions, making them ideal for indoor use in warehouses, distribution centres, and manufacturing facilities. They offer quiet operation, low maintenance requirements, and cost-effective long-term operation. However, they are not suitable for all environments.

Pros 

• Electric forklifts operate quietly, reducing noise pollution in indoor environments and providing a more comfortable workspace for operators.
• These forklifts are much more cost-effective as recharging the battery overnight is much lower than refilling a diesel tank or replacing a gas bottle.
• Electric forklifts offer precise control and seamless operation, making them suitable for tasks requiring precise handling and manoeuvrability.
• They have fewer maintenance requirements as they are built to have fewer moving parts. This reduces operational costs.

Cons

• The initial costs of purchasing an electric forklift are higher than those of other options. This is primarily due to the added overhead costs of buying the battery and installing a charger in your workspace.
• Electric forklifts must be charged overnight, which increases downtime. This can be combated by purchasing extra batteries to enable round-the-clock operation, but it comes at an added expense.
• Due to the large number of electrical components, using them indoors in wet or damp conditions is not recommended.
• The higher point loadings on the wheels and axles of electric forklifts mean they require a smoother floor surface to operate safely as opposed to gas or diesel trucks. 

How to Choose the Right Forklift

Choosing the right forklift depends on several factors, from operation requirements to budget. 

Here are some considerations to help you make an informed decision:

1. Environment: Determine whether your forklift will primarily be used indoors or outdoors and the conditions of the surfaces on which it will be driven. Assess any space constraints, such as narrow aisles, for which the level of manoeuvrability is essential.
2. Emissions: If your forklift will be used primarily indoors or in enclosed spaces, it may be worth considering an electric forklift that will not impact air quality. Diesel or gas forklifts may be more appropriate for outdoor spaces.
3. Operating Costs & Maintenance: Evaluate the total cost of ownership, including initial purchase cost, fuel or electricity costs, maintenance expenses and potential downtime. Electric forklifts are initially more expensive but require less maintenance, potentially making them more cost-effective.
4. Performance Requirements: Determine the lifting capacity and performance capabilities you require. Gas and diesel forklifts offer higher lifting capacities and faster acceleration than electric forklifts, making them more suitable for outdoor use. In contrast, electric forklifts favour smooth and quiet operation, making them ideal for indoor applications for precise material handling.

Forklift Types FAQs

Can diesel forklifts be used indoors?

Regulations surround the use of diesel forklifts indoors. In most cases, diesel forklifts should only be used in outdoor spaces where the emissions can escape freely. They can be used indoors because the area is well-ventilated, and the operation follows safety guidelines. These guidelines state that if diesel forklifts are used indoors for prolonged periods of time, the building must have roof and wall extractors.

How much diesel does a forklift use per hour?

A diesel forklift will consume around 2.6 litres of diesel per hour.

How often should you charge an electric forklift?

Generally, your forklift should be recharged after an 8-hour shift or when it has discharged more than 30%. If you charge your forklift too frequently, its battery life can be shortened.

Learn More About Forklift Types with HL Training

At HL Training, our team of forklift experts have extensive knowledge spanning the different types of forklifts and how to choose the right truck for your requirements. With your forklift choice comes the requirement for accredited training. 

We are dedicated to ensuring that all forklift operators receive high-quality training tailored to their forklift to maximise operational efficiency and safety. Whether you are a beginner needing an in-depth training course or an experienced forklift driver needing a refresh, we have a range of courses available. Contact us today to learn more about choosing the right forklift for you and receiving the appropriate training.

Moving a shipping container can be challenging. It requires careful planning, preparation, and execution to ensure a smooth relocation process. Unsurprisingly, shipping containers are extremely heavy, especially once loaded; therefore, selecting suitable transportation is essential to conduct a shipping container safely.

With the right equipment, technique, and safety precautions, this task can be completed with minimal disruption and maximum efficiency. Dive into our blog to discover how to move your shipping container and our top tips for ensuring a secure move.

• What is a Shipping Container?
• Best Ways to Move a Shipping Container
• Tips for Safely Moving Your Shipping Container
• Moving a Shipping Container FAQs

What is a Shipping Container?

A shipping container is a solid metal, reusable container made from corrugated steel. Primarily, shipping containers hold cargo and transport goods over sea, land, or rail. They have gained popularity over recent years for various secondary uses, such as storage units and temporary workspace solutions.

Shipping containers come in various standard sizes, including 6, 12, and 14 metres. They are regularly exposed to the elements during transportation, so they are constructed to provide stability and strength to withstand all weather conditions while stacked.

Best Ways to Move a Shipping Container

Various factors must be assessed before moving a container to determine the safest and most efficient transportation method. The container size, weight, and distance it needs to move will determine which mode of transport should be used to move it from point A to point B.

Crane

Cranes are a great way to move shipping containers. Containers are constructed with corner castings that allow the crane to latch onto each corner of the container for an improved grip, allowing for a secure move over short distances.

Dockside cranes are the quickest and easiest way to move a single standard-sized container from one location to another. To move a container, the crane sets the hydraulic boom on one or two rail tracks and hooks the container to the boom. The container is then lifted into the air and placed on the ground in its desired location.

However, dockside cranes are costly, and the operator must be fully trained to operate the machinery safely and efficiently. Therefore, it may be necessary to consider other options, especially if it is a one-off operation.

Forklift

Using a forklift offers a practical solution to moving a single container. Standard forklifts cannot be used to move a shipping container; container handler or multi-directional forklifts are better designed to move containers from one place to another. 

If you use a forklift to move a shipping container, it is vital to ensure that it is outfitted to lift the container’s weight and that the forks are broad enough to safely lift the container without damaging it.

Accredited training is essential to operating a forklift effectively. Only a forklift operator with extensive knowledge and experience in safe operation that complies with regulations should lift a shipping container with a forklift.

Train

The train is a standard mode of transportation for large or industrial-based companies to ship containers. This is most frequently used for long-distance travel when a rail line is nearby where the container needs to be placed or if the container needs to be made to briefly cross a body of water. 

However, using a train as your mode of transport is not always feasible. You must first use other methods, such as a forklift or a crane, to get the shipping container to the railroad.

Lorry

Trucks are the most popular choice if you move a shipping container long distances. There are a handful of different truck types available.

1. Tilt and Slide Lorries: This type of lorry is the most common for shipping standard-sized containers less than 200 miles. Its deck tilts back at an angle, enabling the container to slide out of the back once it reaches its destination. It is essential to ensure the ground is dry, firm, and flat so the container does not get stuck.
2. Flatbed Lorry: This type of lorry is the go-to option for both short—and long-distance travel as it can carry many sizes of shipping containers. Flatbed lorries are easy to load and unload and can be driven over multiple types of terrain, making moving a container efficient. Still, they must be carefully secured with appropriate equipment to prevent movement during transit.
3. Skeletal Trailers: These trucks are ideal for shipping containers as they can be adjusted to the desired size and length of the container.

Tips for Safely Moving Your Shipping Container

Once you have selected your transportation method, you must prepare your container for safe and secure transportation.

Pack Container Evenly

When packing your container, you should pack the items strategically to ensure all goods are tightly packed to prevent movement. Your container’s load should be evened out to maintain balance. Distribute your load equally by placing the heaviest items across the bottom of your container, with the lighter items placed on top. Your container should then be sealed appropriately using cargo strips.

Secure the Container

Once you load your container into transportation mode, it is vital to fasten it securely. The container should be secured using the appropriate restraints, such as rope, twist locks, chains, or straps to prevent movement or tipping during transportation. Make sure the restraints are as tight as possible before setting off.

Inspect the Container

Before starting the move, inspecting the container for structural integrity, damage, or defects that may compromise its stability during transit is essential. Containers must be well-structured to adequately protect their contents; therefore, any damage to the container may impact its ability to keep the goods safe and secure.

Assess Site Conditions

After ensuring the container is packed, secured, and inspected, it is time to start the move. However, before moving the container, it is vital to assess the site conditions to identify potential obstacles or hazards that may impede the relocation process. Clear the area of obstacles to ensure adequate space for manoeuvring. Having good visibility of your surroundings during transit is essential to ensure the journey runs smoothly.

Monitor Weather Conditions

Monitor the forecast and weather conditions closely, especially if the container is being moved over a long distance. Avoid transporting the container during inclement weather conditions, such as strong winds or heavy rain, minimising the risk of accidents or damage to the container and its contents.

Follow Safe Handling Practices

Those responsible for moving a shipping container should be well-versed in the rules and regulations associated with container handling and relocation. Personnel should be trained on proper lifting techniques, communication, and teamwork to ensure a coordinated and efficient movement.

Operate a Forklift Safely with HL Training

If you opt to move your shipping container with a forklift, you must be trained appropriately to ensure a safe operation. At HL training, our team of experienced instructors are well-versed in the safety precautions to be adhered to when transporting a shipping container. Our training courses can be delivered to novices or seasoned operators at your site using a specially designed forklift to provide you with the training and knowledge needed to operate a forklift safely and efficiently. Contact our team today to learn how to move a shipping container safely with a forklift.

Moving a Shipping Container FAQs

Are shipping containers easy to move?

The process will be seamless as long as the correct mode of transportation is chosen for moving a shipping container. The load must be evenly distributed on the transport to prevent any tipping.

Can a forklift move a shipping container?

Yes, a forklift can move a shipping container. However, your standard forklift is not equipped to do so. Moving a shipping container requires a forklift designed explicitly with wider forks that allow the arms to lift and move the container without shifting or tipping.

How do you move a shipping container with a forklift?

Drive the forklift to the container with assistance to ensure it is in the correct position. Align the forks with the forklift pockets at the bottom of shipping containers to aid movement. Once the forks are aligned and locked onto the container, they can be moved around. Upon arriving at your destination, you can safely lower the forks and remove the container.

Forklifts are invaluable tools for many industries, allowing the efficient movement and safe handling of heavy goods. However, effectively operating a forklift comes from thoroughly understanding its components and dynamics. The load centre is a critical element significantly impacting forklift performance and stability. If you are wondering what a forklift load centre is, you are in the right place. Our comprehensive blog will delve into defining a load centre and how you can calculate your forklift load centre to ensure safe and efficient operation.

• How Do Forklifts Work?
• What is a Forklift Load Centre?
• How to Work Out a Forklift Load Centre
• What Factors Influence the Load Centre?
• Load Centre Tips & Tricks
• Fork Load Centre FAQs

How Do Forklifts Work?

Before determining the load centre of a forklift, we need to understand how a forklift works. The composition of a forklift means it acts similarly to a seesaw. If one side has more weight than the other, your truck is at risk of tipping over. The forklift, therefore, needs to be loaded correctly to ensure a safe operation.

What is a Forklift Load Centre?

A forklift load centre is the distance between the forks’ vertical face and the load’s centre of gravity. 

Essentially, the load centre is the middle of a forklift load. The centre of gravity is the point where an item’s weight is concentrated, which exists individually in the forklift and a load. In an unloaded forklift, the centre of gravity falls towards the rear of the machine.

The arrangement of the items in a load determines the centre of gravity. Once the forklift is loaded, the centre of gravity combines with the load and moves toward the front of the machine to prevent tipping. Therefore, it is essential to determine the load centre of your forklift to keep the centre of gravity in the middle.

How to Work Out a Forklift Load Centre

The majority of standard forklift trucks handle 1 metre long pallets. Assuming the load is evenly distributed when placed on the forklift, it will have a 61 centimetre load centre. All forklifts contain a rating plate detailing maximum weight capacity at a certain height and the load centre distance to ensure safe operation.

However, it is essential to remember that the load centre is not always 61 centimetres. The load centre will change depending on the length of the load they are handling. Forklifts designed to lift long loads may have a 91 centimetre load centre but could be as high as 121 centimetres.

Calculating Load Capacity

Knowing your forklift load centre is essential for determining its lifting capacity. Forklift lift capacity measures how much weight a forklift can safely carry. A safe load capacity must be calculated to ensure a secure operation, especially if the load is oversized.

If we assume that a forklift has a 61 centimetre standard load centre with a rated capacity of 1.81 kilograms, but we need to handle a load with a load centre of 81 centimetres, a safe load capacity for your forklift would be less than 1.81 kilograms. 

To calculate the safe load capacity, take the standard load capacity and divide it by the actual load centre of your load. Multiply this figure by the rated capacity to retrieve your answer, for example:

(61 cm / 81cm) * 1.81kg = 1.37kg

Your forklift, therefore, has a safe load capacity of 1.37 kilograms for a load centre of 81 centimetres.

What Factors Influence the Load Centre?

Attachments

Installing any after market forklift attachments, such as fork rotators and side shift, will increase the load centre as they change the distance from the original fork face and the fulcrum point. The distance the attachment extends the load centre forward is the effective thickness. This, in turn, causes the load moment to increase, consequently decreasing the lifting capacity. Forklifts with attachments added should install a new data plate outlining the new load centre distance.

Load Distribution

The load centre is only applicable to loads that are evenly distributed. The centre of gravity for an unevenly distributed load will either move forward or side-to-side, causing the lifting capacity to decrease. In cases where the load centre is uneven, forklift operators should keep the load as close to the ground as possible during transportation.

Load Centre Tips & Tricks

Our top 4 tips and tricks to maintain your forklift load centre:

1. Distribute your load evenly if possible

Uneven loads will increase the load centre. If the centre of gravity does not sit in the middle of the forklift once loaded, it is at risk of tipping over. Arrange your load evenly in vertical and horizontal directions to maintain the centre of gravity.

2. Load items as close to the fork face as possible

Ensure the load is placed on the forks and as close to the load backrest as possible. The load centre increases with the distance the load is placed away from the backrest. This reduces lifting capacity, so it is best practice to ensure it is against the backrest.

3. Forward tilting reduces truck stability

If your forklift is loaded, tilting the load forward will increase the load centre. This is because you are moving the load away from the middle of the forklift, offsetting the centre of gravity. If you are handling a load that is already pushing the safe load capacity, tilting forward can cause the forklift to tip forward, resulting in injury.

4. Drive carefully

Even if your load is evenly distributed and within its safe loading capacity, the truck can become unstable if not driven carefully. Driving at a sensible speed, below the recommended speed limit, is essential. Accelerate and brake smoothly, slowing down for any corners while keeping the load as low to the ground as safely possible.

Fork Load Centre FAQs

How far should forks enter a pallet?

The forks should be placed under a load as far as possible. The forks should be at least two-thirds the length of the load for safe operation.

Can a forklift be unstable without a load?

Forklifts can become unstable even without carrying a load if not carefully driven. If a driver turns a corner too fast or travels over an uneven surface, they risk tipping over and injuring themselves or those around them.

What would happen if you exceeded the safe load capacity?

It is an offence to exceed the truck’s capacity, in line with the LOLER 1998 and Health and Safety at Work Act Section 7a, Acts and Omissions. By overloading your forklift, you are throwing the centre of gravity off, increasing the likelihood of tipping. This is extremely dangerous. Tip-overs are the leading cause of forklift injuries and casualties a year, so it is crucial to avoid exceeding the safe loading capacity of your forklift.

Progress Your Forklift Skillset with HL Training

Expand your forklift knowledge and learn the ins and outs of operation with our extensive range of expert training courses at HL training. At HL Training, we proudly deliver both off-site and in-house accredited training designed to suit your requirements. Whether you are a novice hoping to learn the ropes of forklift operation or an experienced forklift operator wanting to become an instructor, we have the perfect array of training courses. Contact our expert team today to learn more about our services.

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